20 Faʻataʻitaʻiga o Coenzymes - Encyclopedia

Ata: Enzyme cofactors and coenzymes | Biology | Khan Academy

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Faʻataʻitaʻiga o coenzymes

O le coenzymes pe cosubstrates o ni tamaʻi ituaiga o molemole faatulagaina, o le leai-porotini natura, o lana gaioiga i le tino o le feaveaia faapitoa vailaʻau vaega i le va o eseese enzymes, aunoa ma le avea ma vaega o le fausaga. O se faʻagaoioia auala e faʻaumatia coenzymes, o loʻo faʻaauau pea ona toe gaosia e le metabolism, faʻatagaina le faʻaauauina o le taʻamilosaga ma le fesuiaʻiga o vailaʻau kulupu ma le itiiti ifo o vailaʻau ma malosiʻaga faʻafaigaluega.

E i ai le tele lautele eseese o coenzymes, o nisi o na e taatele i soo se ituaiga o olaga. Tele o latou o vitamini pe sau mai ia latou.

Tagaʻi foʻi: Faʻataʻitaʻiga o Enzymes (ma a latou galuega)

Faʻataʻitaʻiga o coenzymes

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH ma NAD +). Auai i redox tali, o lenei coenzyme e maua i uma sela mea ola, a le o le NAD + (na fausia mai le valu mai le tryptophan poʻo le aspartic acid), o le oxidant ma le electron receptor; poʻo le NADH (oxidation reaction product), faʻaititia le sooupu ma le eletise foaʻi.
Coenzyme A (CoA). E nafa ma le fesiitaʻiina o vaega o le acyl e manaʻomia mo le tele o taʻamilosaga metabolic (pei o le synthes and oxidation of fatty acid), o se maua fua o le coenzyme e maua mai le vitamini B5. O aano o manu, puloua ma fuamoa o ni meaʻai taua i lenei vaitamini.
Tetrahydrofolic acid (Coenzyme F). Faʻailoa o le coenzyme F poʻo le FH₄ ma maua mai i le folic acid (Vitamini B₉), e taua tele i le taʻamilosaga o le tuʻufaʻatasia o amino acids ma aemaise o purine, ala i le tuʻuina atu o methyl, formyl, methylene ma formimino kulupu. O le le lava o lenei coenzyme mafua ai anemia.
Vitamini K. Faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma le toto vaega o le faʻaputuputu, e galue o se activator o eseʻese plasma polotini ma osteocalcin. E tolu auala e maua ai: Vitamini K₁, tele i soʻo se meaʻai ma o fualaʻau mata; Vitamini K₂ o siama amataga ma Vitamini K₃ o amataga gaosia.
Cofactor F420. Maua mai flavin ma auai i le felauaiga o electrons i detox tali (redox), e taua mo le tele o gaioiga o methanogenesis, sulfitoreduction ma okesene detoxification.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). O lenei molemole e faʻaaogaina e mea ola uma e fafaga le malosi ia latou tali atu o vailaʻau ma faʻaaogaina i le tuʻufaʻatasia o cellular RNA. O le autu eletise molimoli molemole mai le tasi sela i le isi.
S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Aofia i le fesiitaʻiina o methyl kulupu, na maua ai mo le taimi muamua i le 1952. E aofia ai ATP ma methionine, ma o loʻo faʻaaogaina o se fesoasoani i le puipuia o Alzheimer. I le tino e gaosia ma faʻaumatia e ate sela.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Faʻaigoaina foi sapropterin poʻo le BH₄, o se taua taua coenzyme mo le tuʻufaʻatasia o nitric oxide ma hydroxylases o manogi amino acids. O lona le lava e fesoʻotaʻi ma le leiloa o neurotransmitters pei o le dopamine poʻo le serotonin.
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). E lauiloa foi ole ubidecarenone poʻo le coenzyme Q, ma e taatele i toeititi lava o sela mitochondrial o loʻo i ai. E taua tele mo le faʻaaluina o sela sela sela, faʻatupuina ai le 95% o le malosi i le tino o le tagata e pei o le ATP. E iai le manatu o le vailaʻau oona ma e fautuaina e avea o se meaʻai faʻaopopo, talu mai le matua o lenei coenzyme e le toe mafai ona toe gaosia.
Glutathione(GSH). Lenei tripeptide o se antioxidant ma sela puipuia i tetee saoloto radicals ma isi oona. E matua gaosia i le ate, ae o soʻo se tagata lava sela e mafai ona faia mai isi amino acids, pei o le glycine. E taʻua o se taua fesoʻotaʻiga i le taua faasaga i le maʻisuka, eseese carcinogenic gaioiga ma neurological faʻamaʻi.
Vitamini C (ascorbic acid). O le suka suka e aoga pei malosi antioxidant ma o lona igoa e sau mai le faʻamaʻi e mafua ai lona le lava, valaʻauina scurvy. O le tuʻufaʻatasia o lenei coenzyme e taugata ma faigata, o lona uiga o lona faʻaaogaina e manaʻomia e ala i meaʻai.
Vitamini B₁ (thiamine). Molecule soluble i le vai ma insoluble i le ava malosi, talafeagai i le taumafataga o le toeititi lava vertebrates ma sili atu meaola ninii, mo le metabolism o gaʻo gaʻo. O lona le lava i le tino o le tagata e mafua ai faʻamaʻi beriberi ma Korsakoff syndrome.
Biocytin. Manaʻomia i le fesiitaʻi o carbon dioxide, e tupu lava i le toto serum ma miaga. E faʻaaogaina i saienisi suʻesuʻega o se tincture mo neula sela.
Vitamini B₂ (riboflavin). O lenei lanu samasama samasama o le ki i le soifua maloloina o meaola, talu ai e manaʻomia e flavoproteins uma ma le malosi metabolism, o lipid, gaʻo suka, porotini ma amino acids. E mafai ona mauaina faʻanatura mai le susu, araisa, poʻo fualaʻau lanumeamata.
Vitamini B₆ (pyridoxine). O le vai-soluble coenzyme na aveʻese i le miaga, o lea e tatau ai ona suia e ala i meaʻai: germ germ, cereals, fuamoa, iʻa ma legume, faʻatasi ai ma isi mea taumafa. E aafia i le metabolism o neurotransmitters ma e i ai lona taua matafaioi i le malosi faʻasologa.
Lipoic acid. Maua mai i le octanoic fatty acid, e aʻafia i le faʻaaogaina o le kulukose ma le faʻagaoioia o le tele o vailaʻau oona. E mafua mai i laau.
Vitamini H (biotin). Faʻailoa foi ole Vitamini B₇ poʻo le B₈, e taua mo le faʻamamaina o nisi gaʻo ma amino acids, ma synthesized e le tele siama manava
Coenzyme B. E taua i le redox tali masani o le augatupulaga o methane e microbial olaga.
Cytidine triphosphate. Ki i le metabolism o mea ola, o se maualuga-malosi mole, e tutusa ma ATP. E taua mo le tuʻufaʻatasia o DNA ma RNA.
Suka Nucleotide. Foaʻi suka monosaccharides, e taua tele i le faʻavae o nucleic acid pei o DNA poʻo le RNA, e ala i esterification faʻagasologa.