Antibiotics (ma le a le mea latou mo)

Anotusi

• Faʻataʻitaʻiga o vailaʻau vailaʻau ma latou faʻaogaina

O le fualaʻau vailaʻau O i latou o ituaiga o vailaʻau maua mai i mea ola poʻo synthesized synthesized, o lona autu meatotino o lena o puipuia le tuputupu ae ma le salalau o nisi pathogenic microorganisms maaleale i lona fua.

O le fualaʻau vailaʻau O loʻo faʻaaogaina i togafitiga faʻafomaʻi o tagata, manu ma laʻau e faʻasaga i faʻamaʻi o siama, o le mafuaʻaga foʻi lea e taʻua ai latou o ni vailaʻau faʻamaʻi.

I se tulaga lautele, o le togafitiga vailaʻau galue o se tasi chemotherapy, o lona uiga, lolovaia le tino i vailaʻau e afaina ai le ola sela, lea o le microorganism pathogen poʻo le osofaʻiga e sili atu ona maaleale nai lo sela agamalu.

O le maaleale o le tala siama ua aʻafia e le le faʻaituʻauina le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, faʻamalosia ai le teteʻe atu ia latou. Mo lenei mafuaʻaga, o augatupulaga fou o sili atu le mamana poʻo sili atu faʻapitoa fualaʻau faʻasaina na tatau ona tuʻufaʻatasia.

Faʻataʻitaʻiga o vailaʻau vailaʻau ma latou faʻaogaina

• Penisila. Maua mai i le fungus penicillium e Enerst Duchesne i le 1897 ma faʻamaonia faʻafuaseʻi e Alexander Fleming, o le muamua lelei synthesized ma tele-faʻaoga vailaʻau. O le mea lea, o le tele o siama faʻamaʻi ua uma ona teteʻe i ai, ae o loʻo faʻaauau pea ona faʻaaogaina faasaga i le pneumococci, streptococci ma staphylococci, faʻapea foi ma le tele o ituaiga o faʻamaʻi i le manava, toto, ponaivi, sooga ma meninges. E i ai tagata gasegase afaina i lona fuafaatatau e le mafai ona togafitia ma ia.
• Arsphenamine. O le vailaʻau tatau muamua, talu ai na faʻaaogaina muamua le penicillin faasaga i syphilis. Na maua mai i le arsenic, na tofotofoina i le tele o taimi seʻia le oona i le tagata maʻi, e ui lava i le tele o vaega o loʻo leaga ai pea. Na aveʻese e penicillin, lea e sili atu le saogalemu ma sili atu le aoga.
• Erythromycin. O le antibiotic muamua o le vaega o macrolides, o lona uiga, faʻaeeina i ai lactone molemole mama, na maua i le 1952 mai siama i luga o le eleele Filipaina. E matuaʻi aoga tele faasaga i kalama lelei siama o le manava ma le manava auala, faʻapea foi ma Chlamydia i le taimi o maʻito, ae e i ai le le faʻamalieina o aʻafiaga.
• Kanamycin. O le faʻatapulaʻa le faʻaogaina ona o lona maualuga oona, Kanamycin e aoga tele faʻasaga i le fatafata vaivai, mastitis, nephritis, septicemia, niumonia, actinobacillosis ma aemaise lava ituaiga faigata e teteʻe ai i le erythromycin. E faʻaaogaina, faʻatasi ai ma isi vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi, o se sauniuniga mo le kolone.
• Amikacin. Mai le kulupu o aminoglycosides, e galue i luga o le siama faʻagasologa o le synthesis o porotini, puipuia i latou mai le fausiaina o latou sela sela. O se tasi o vailaʻau lelei fualaʻau faʻasaga i ituaiga faigata e teteʻe atu i le vaega o totoe o lana kulupu ma e faʻaaogaina i ni tulaga ogaoga o sepsis, pe faʻasaga i mea mataʻutia leaga o le tino.
• Clarithromycin. Faʻatupuina e saienitisi Iapani i le 1970, aʻo latou suʻesuʻeina se vaega o le erythromycin ma le tele o aʻafiaga, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i paʻu, susu ma faʻamaʻi manava, faʻapea foi ma tagata mamaʻi HIV e feagai ma le Mycobacterium avium.
• Azithromycin. Maua mai i le erythromycin ma le umi-afa-ola, o lona faʻatonuina fuala e tasi i le aso. E sili ona aoga ile faʻamaʻi o le bronchitis, niumonia, ma faʻamaʻi pipisi mai feusuaʻiga poʻo urinary tract, faʻapea foʻi ma faʻamaʻi o tamaiti.
• O le cofofloxacin. O le lautele o fusi o alaleo, e osofaʻia faʻatonu siama DNA, puipuia mai le toe fanafanau. Faʻamalosia e faʻasaga i se umi lisi o siama, e masani ona faʻasao mo vailaʻau faʻafuaseʻi, talu ai e saogalemu ma vave, ae o le auai i le sili ona teteʻe vaega o vailaʻau faʻamaonia uma: fluoroquinolones.
• Cefadroxil. Mai le vaega o le muamua-augatupulaga, lautele-fusi o alaleo cephalosporins, o lenei vailaʻau vailaau e talafeagai faʻasaga i faʻamaʻi o le paʻu (manuʻa, mumu), le respiratory system, ponaivi, vaivai sela ma genitourinary faʻamaʻi.
• Loracarbef. Faʻailoa i mataupu o le otitis, sinusitis, niumonia, pharyngitis poʻo le tonsillitis, ae faʻapea foi mo siama urinary, o lenei vailaʻau o se mafuaʻaga o le augatupulaga lona lua cephalosporins, auai i se fou vasega: karakemoni.
• Vancomycin. Mai le faʻasologa o glycopeptides, e masani ona nanaina e nisi siama leai se aoga. E aoga tele faʻasaga i le gram lelei, ae leʻo le lelei, siama ma e faʻaaogaina lautele, e ui lava o le tele o ituaiga e teteʻe lava ile vailaʻau.
• Amoxicillin. O se mafuaʻaga o le penicillin, ma le lautele lautele o alaleo, aoga i le togafitia o respiratory ma paʻu faʻamaʻi ma le tele o ituaiga siama, o le mafuaʻaga lea e masani ona faʻaaogaina i tagata ma vailaʻau vailaʻau.
• Ampicillin. Na maua mai foi i le penicillin, ua leva ona faaaoga talu mai le 1961 faasaga i le meningococci ma listerias, faapea foi le pneumococci ma le streptococci, ae maise lava le enterococci.
• Aztreonam. E mafua mai i le tupuʻaga o le gaosiga, e iai sona aoga ae e lauitiiti tele fusi o alaleo: aerobic gram-negative bacteria. O se sui talafeagai i tagata mamaʻi e afaina i le penicillin, pe afai latou te talafeagai.
• Bacitracin. O lona igoa e sau mai le teineititi e ana le tibia o siama na mafua mai ai na aumaia mai: Tracy. O lona faatatauina e mataʻutia ma fafo, talu ai e afaina ai fatugaʻo, ae e aoga tele faʻasaga i siama gram-lelei i manuʻa ma mucous membrane. O se tasi o vailaʻau faʻamalosi tino e nafa ma le vaʻaia o ituaiga leaga ma teteʻe.
• Doxycycline. E faʻatatau i tetracyclines, aoga faʻasaga i siama lelei ma leaga faʻamaʻi, ma masani ona faʻaaoga faʻasaga i le niumonia, fuafua, sisila, Lyme maʻi ma le mumu.
• Clofazimine. Faʻasolo i le 1954 faʻasaga i le fatafata vaivai, e le aoga tele, ma na avea ma se tasi o mea taua e faʻasaga i le lepela.
• Pyrazinamide. I le tuʻufaʻatasia ma isi vailaʻau, o le togafitiga autu mo tuberculosis.
• Sulfadiazine. Sili faatonuina e faasaga i urinary tamaʻi faʻamaʻi pipisi, faʻapea foi ma toxoplasmosis, o le maaleale faʻaogaina a o loʻo maua ai aʻafiaga e pei o vertigo, niniva, manava tata ma le gaogao.
• Colistin. Faʻamalosia e faasaga i uma kalama leaga bacilli ma faasaga i siama polyresistant pei o Pseudomonas aeruginosa pe Acinetobacter, suia le permeability o latou sela membrane. Ae ui i lea, e mafai ona i ai neuro ma nephrotoxic aʻafiaga.