20 Faʻataʻitaʻiga o Masima oona - Encyclopedia

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Nomenclature o masima masima
Faʻataʻitaʻiga o masima oona

I le kemisi lemu, e i ai le talanoaga a Masima pe a tatou talanoa i tuufaatasiga e maua pe a o se acid i ai ona hydrogen atoms suia e radicals masani, lea i le tulaga maʻoti o masima oona, o ituaiga leaga (cations). I na tulaga ese latou mai masima le mautonu poʻo masima lua.

O masima e masani ona fausia e ala i le tali i le va o se acid ma se hydroxide (faavae). I nei tali, masani ona leiloa le faʻavae ona vaega hydroxyl (-OH) ma le acid o le hydrogen atoms (H), fausia ai se masima le faʻatauaina; ae afai e faʻasao e le vailaʻau o loʻo fesiligia se tasi o ona hydrogen atoms, suia le moli eletise o le tali atu, o le a tatou maua se masima masima poʻo le masima hydrogenated.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le lithium bicarbonate e maua mai le lithium hydroxide ma le carbonic acid:

LiOH + H₂CO₃ = Li (HCO)₃) + H₂PO O LE

O le tali atu, e pei ona o le a vaʻaia, lafoina foi vai e avea o se-oloa.

Nomenclature o masima masima

E tusa ai ma le galueaina nomenclature, mo acid masima le masani ai auala o le faʻaigoaina o le le faʻatauaina masima e tatau ona faʻaaogaina mai le suffixes -ate poʻo le -ite, ae muamua ma le nauna e faʻailoa mai le numera o le hydrogen atoms na suia i luga o le molemole. O le mea lea, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃) e lua ni hydrogen atoms (bi = lua).

I leisi itu, e tusa ai ma le systemic nomenclature, le vaitaimi hydrogen i le igoa masani o le masima maua, faʻaaloalo i faʻauiloaga e faʻasino i le hydrogen atoms. O le mea lea, o le lithium hydrogen carbonate poʻo le lithium hydrogen carbonate o le a avea ma auala e faʻaigoa ai le tutusa lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃).

Faʻataʻitaʻiga o masima oona

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Faʻaigoaina foi o le sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), o se papaʻe crystalline mautu, soluble i le vai, lea e mafai ona maua i le natura i se minerale setete pe mafai ona gaosia i le fale suesue. O se tasi o masima tele acidic iloa ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina i confectionery, vailaʻau falemaʻi poʻo yogurt faia.
Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). O lenei masima masima sa faʻaaogaina o se tagata e puʻeina au mo CO₂ i tulaga e le manaʻomia ai na kesi, e pei o misiona i le vanimonimo a Amerika i Matu "Apollo".
Potasium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). Mautu crystalline, leai se manogi, soluble i le vai, lautele faʻaaogaina i alamanuia eseese e pei o meaai fefete, chelating sooupu, meaʻai lelei faamalosia ma fesoasoani i fermentation gaioiga.
Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO₄). Masima masima na faia e le faʻamamaina o le sulfuric acid, lautele faʻaaogaina alamanuia i le faʻamamaina uʻamea, faʻamamaina o oloa ma e ui e matua oona i nisi echinod germ, o loʻo faʻaaogaina o se faʻaopoopoga i meaola meaʻai ma i le gaosiaina o mea teuteu.
Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Mataʻutia tuʻufaʻatasiga o maaleale faʻatautaia, talu ai e matua pala ma leaga. E mafai ona mafua ai le paʻu ogaoga o le paʻu ma faʻaleagaina mata, aua e mafai foi ona mu.
Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Faʻaaogaina o se meaʻai faʻaopoopoga i cereals ma lafumanu lafumanu, o se mautu insoluble i le vai ae mafai ona crystallizing pe a faʻamalūina e ala i le faʻaaogaina o lua molemene o le vai.
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). E lauiloa o le ammonium bicarbonate ma e faʻaaogaina i le vaega o meaʻai pei o le yeast oona, e ui lava e i ai le le lelei o le mailei mailei, tuʻuina i meaai o se leaga tofo pe a faʻaaoga sili. O loʻo faʻaaogaina foi i mea e tape ai le afi, fai o pigment, ma avea o se rubber expander.
Barium bicarbonate (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Masima oona oona pe a vevela e mafai ona suia lona gaosiga tali ma e matua le mautu vagana ai i fofo. Lautele faʻaaogaina i le keramika alamanuia.
Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). O lenei masima e matua le mautu ma i le i ai o le okesene e mafua mai i le sodium sulfate, ma o le mafuaʻaga lea e faʻaaogaina ai i le vaega o meaʻai pei o se meaʻai faʻasao ma meaola. O se soʻona faʻaititia soʻoupu ma masani ona faʻaaogaina e le tamaloa, e faʻaaoga foʻi i le faʻasaoina o lanu.
Kalisiu citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅PO O LE₇]₂). E masani ona taʻua ole masima oona, e faʻaaoga e fai ma mea faʻasao o meaʻai ma o se meaʻai faʻaopopo pe a fesoʻotaʻi i le amino acid lysine. O se paʻepaʻe, leai se manogi, ma tioata pauta.
Monocalcium phosphate(Ca [H₂PO₄]₂). Mautu lanu lea e maua mai i le tali atu a le calcium hydroxide ma le phosphoric acid, E lautele faʻaaogaina o se mea faʻafefeteina poʻo se faʻalaʻeleʻele i galuega tau faʻatoʻaga.
Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Faʻailoa foi ole calcium monohydrogen phosphate, e tolu ona ituaiga crystalline ituaiga lena E faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻaopoopoga i meaʻai ma o loʻo iai i totonu o mea fulunifo. I se faʻaopopoga, e masani lava ona fausia i maʻa fatu ma le mea e taʻu o le "maʻa" nifo.
Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄P₂PO O LE₈). Faʻaaogaina o se acidulant, acidity faʻasaʻosaʻo poʻo sooupu i le togafitiga o falaoamata, o se masima leai se manogi, tioata paʻepaʻe masima, vaega soluble i le vai ma faʻaaoga i le faʻasaoina o meaʻai.
Sodium diacetate (NaH [C₂H₃PO O LE₂]₂). O lenei masima o loʻo faʻaaogaina e fai ma mea e faʻamalieina ma faʻamalosi tino mo meaʻai, puipuia pe faʻatuai ai ona vaaia le fungi ma microbacteria, e le gata i mea lagona gaogao e pei o aano o aano o manu ma i totonu o le galuega o le falaoamata.
Calcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Hydrogenated masima e afua mai kalisiu kalate, i ai i minerale pei o papaʻamu, maamora ma isi. O lenei tali e faʻaalia ai le iai o le vai ma le CO₂, o lea e mafai ona tupu faʻafuaseʻi i ana ma ana ana mauʻoa i kalisiuma.
Rubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). O lenei masima e maua mai le tali atu o le hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen ma fluorine X) ma Rubidium, o se alkali uamea. O le iʻuga o se vailaʻau oʻona ma mataʻutia e tatau ona faʻatautaia ma le faʻaeteete..
Monoammonium phosphate ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Suavai faʻamaloloina masima na gaosia e le tali atu o le amonia ma le phosphoric acid, lautele faʻaaogaina o se fetilaisa talu ai o loʻo faʻaavanoaina le eleele ma le nitrogen ma phosphorus meaʻai talafeagai mo le tuputupu aʻe o laʻau. O se vaega foi o le pauta o le ABC i afi fuimu.
Zinc hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Masima faʻaaogaina o se vailaʻau ma o se faʻaopoopoga i le gaosiga o ceramics.
Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄). Faʻaaoga tele i potu suesue, pei o le "buffer”Poʻo le buffer solution, e taofia ai suiga faafuaseʻi o le pH o se tali.
Potasiuma hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Faʻaigoaina foi o le potassium acid phthalate, o se masima mautu ma mausali i le ea masani, o lea e masani ona faʻaaogaina o le tulaga muamua i fuataga o pH. E aoga foi o se buffering sooupu i totonu tali atu o vailaʻau.